What are the most important agricultural crops in ancient Greece? The Greek civilization was based on somewhat fertile lands, so the cultivation of grains of all kinds, olives, oranges and other citruses spread, but grains - specifically wheat - remained the basis of food in Greece, and city authorities organized the distribution of crops and wages to farmers and workers, and the food trade was from Greece to Egypt and the countries of The Levant caused the progress of this civilization and the accumulation of capital in the Greek cities.
The grape crop was essential in Greece for the wine industry and its foreign trade and between the cities in the great Greek interior. The Greek ships were more famous for their loads of wine in wooden barrels or pottery jars, and this contributed to the spread of Mycenaean and Greek pottery in the eastern Mediterranean regions for thousands of years, and during the century Sixth B.C. The wages of workers and farmers amounted to 12 kilos of wheat, which is a huge wage compared to the wages of workers in Egypt and Rome at that time, which amounted to only 3.5 kilos of wheat.
Trade in Greek Civilization
Has trade in Greece turned into an international trade in the past? Trade was one of the main pillars of the Greek civilization, as internal trade began in Greece since the third millennium BC on a large scale, and it existed since the seventh millennium BC, that is, before the birth of this civilization in its known form, but the emergence of the international trade movement in the Mediterranean during the second millennium BC, it gave the ancient Greek trade a global character. The Greek and Phoenician merchants - or the Canaanites - were among the most skilled traders in the ancient world, and they controlled the maritime trade in the Mediterranean and the Aegean, until Egypt and Syria became a base for their ships on a daily basis.
The trade of the Greeks was based on foodstuffs, leather, and precious pottery. Wine, barley liquor or beer was one of the important products in their trade, in addition to Greek olive oil, olive seeds and other various food products, as were the minerals brought from Egypt, southern Syria and Persia to Besides the various oriental textiles, one of the materials imported into Greece and southern Europe, especially during the fifth century BC and centuries later.
architecture in greek civilization
What are the features of ancient Greek architecture? Greek civilization has provided a lot in the field of architecture, and Greek architecture is one of the most beautiful and complex types of architecture in the world. Greek architects have benefited from the arts and engineering of architecture close to them, such as Syria and Egypt. Their architecture was unique in its diversity, and great in its various architectural achievements. Greek architecture was famous for the construction of temples Theaters and integrated cities, these cities that were built according to the surrounding environment, coastal cities differ from mountain or inland cities, and this is what distinguished their architecture greatly.
Greek architecture was also distinguished by its huge columns and their capitals that are carved according to different styles. The Doric column and the Corinthian Ionic column are one of the most famous of these patterns. Their temples were famous for their multi-column facades, and beautifully shaped ceilings made of wood. The architect in Greece took into account the angle Seeing therefore, we see many of the facades of these temples have columns slightly deviated from the plumb; This is to deceive the beholder from certain distances, and to parallel the facade of temples or buildings to the viewer, and they also inserted human columns that are often carved in the form of a female, as in the temple of Archtheon in Athens.
The interest in architecture was an instrument of power in Greece, and therefore the Greek cities were competing with each other in the construction of public buildings and temples, and they were transferring these arts outside Greece, specifically to the east, so they contributed to the construction of the cities of Amman, Jerash and Apamea in Syria and other ancient Arab cities, and they entered Greek road systems to these cities, and Roman architecture was built on their foundations, and they formed a major part of the architecture of the new cities in the East because of the overlap between these civilizations.
Education in Greek Civilization
What is the female position of education in ancient Greece? Education in most Greek cities was limited to children of the rich and middle classes, although there were schools in most Greek cities, but they were the preserve of males from the sons of nobles, officers, merchants or feudal lords, but there was limited education for females that intersects with their home tasks and their duties towards the family, such as arithmetic operations In addition to this, there was a kind of teacher who was present with the children of the nobles to teach them various types of education, from writing to philosophy, and from music to sometimes love.
Literature in Greek Civilization
Who is the first poets of ancient Greece? Greek literature derives its origins from the ancient Greek language, and Greek literature began to appear during the eighth century BC, and the works of Homer were the first literary works according to the history of ancient Greece, which culminated through Homer with the Iliad and the Odyssey, and the name of the poet Hesiod emerged as the first Greek poets or the only poet His works have reached the present, ancient Greek literature is what was created during the period between the eighth century BC to the fourth century AD, which in turn is divided into pre-classical literature (800 - 350 BC) and classical literature (500 - 323 BC).
The literature of comedy, tragedy, pastoral poetry, historical and personal biographies, and the art of theater and drama of all kinds, such as: comedy, tragedies and the so-called epitaphs, as well as philosophical articles with literary and rhetorical texts - or rhetorical articles - in addition to lyric poems and prose, were all attributed to Greece on the one hand, and they all overlapped with myths and religion on the one hand. On the one hand, it is oriented towards reason and logic, on the other hand, according to the writer who produced this literature.
0
January 17, 2022
